Cocoa is ghana, ghana is cocoa as the saying goes here. Cocoa research institute of ghana ghana cocoa board executive director. Sustainable cocoa farming ghana permaculture institute. This study employs an exante analytical approach to explore the financial viability of cocoa agroforestry systems in ghana using crosssectional data on smallholder cocoa farmers in the western region of ghana. Jul 24, 2014 how to grow oyster mushrooms from used coffee grounds cheap and easy part 1 duration.
News ghana is ghanas leading online news portal for business in west africa and around the world. Usaid, hersheys and ecom help cocoa farmers increase. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer in. The forthcoming book by shashi kolavalli and marcella vigneri, the cocoa coast.
The survey was conducted in the four major producing regions of ghana which are the western, brong afaho, ashanti, and eastern regions. While land tenure is not viewed as a major obstacle to cocoa farming, farmers. Its widespread cultivation is however attributed to tetteh quarshie, a ghanaian blacksmith of osu in accra. Clay loams, loams and sandy loams are suitable for the growth of the cocoa tree. May 30, 2012 it is blessed with several natural resources, including.
Good agricultural practices for sustainable cocoa production. Returns to public agricultural spending in the cocoa and noncocoa subsectors of ghana samuel benin s. Telegraphic address direscao telephone 2330 277609900 2330 202016186 2330. The empirical results generally show that cocoa agroforestry systems are profitable, but the medium shade tends to be more profitable. Conclusion the cocoa bean industry is spatially organised there are regions of the world that produce cocoa and regions of the world that demand cocoa.
Like most cocoa producing nations, cocoa is a major contributor to ghanas gross domestic product gdp and foreign exchange earner for the country. Projects on sustainable cocoa production in ghana related to forests. Box 8, new tafoakim, ghana external mail private mail bag, kotoka international airport, accra. Drivers of cocoa production growth in ghana overseas. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghana s main cash crop. Incentives for sustainable cocoa production in ghana food and. This spring, speculation emerged on the front page of the lofty new york times, in a piece entitled chocoholics take note. Historically, cocoa production has been the mainstay of the ghanaian economy and today cocoa continues to be ghanas main agricultural export commodity and an important contributor to ghanas foreign. As such, the government has policies in place to improve production and to expand areas under cultivation. Shade trees are valuable in enhancing biophysical conditions on cocoa theobroma cacao fields and contribute to biodiversity and product diversification for smallholder producers. Section 6 applies the results to predict gdp per capita growth rates for ghana until 2030 and section 7 summarizes and concludes. Traditional cocoa farms are planted in the shade among other crops and trees. Ghana is the worlds second largest exporter of cocoa beans after the ivory coast. It has been estimated that in 20102011 exports of cocoa ghanas reached 1 004 000 mt gain, 2012in terms of world cocoa exports, ghana has maintained its.
The cultivation of cocoa has been an important driver of tropical deforestation globally. Milled to a fineness of, cocoa powder is available in natural and alkalized forms. The three main cocoaproducing regions in ghana follow a geographical and historical gradient from east to west. Cocoa cultivation, after tetteh quarshie, assumed commercial dimensions and spread to all forest areas of the country, particularly eastern, ashanti, brong ahafo, volta, central and western regions. Since its successful introduction from equatorial guinea in 1879 opokuameyaw et al. Its impossible to mention all the plants in ghana in this post, which is why we have selected a number of plants. Cocoa ghanas largest cash crop by phil bartle, phd. At the other geographical and historical extreme, enchi is located near the border with cote divoire and is dominated by young cocoa farms. Importance of cocoa cocoa is a cash crop grown throughout the humid tropics with about 6. Cocoa value chain implication for the smallholder farmer. Several steps are taken by the government of ghana to increase cocoa production, they are as follows. The new industry grew rapidly across the country, and in 1910 ghana became the worlds leading cocoa producer accounting for 3040 percent of the global market bateman, 1990. The case of the cocoa value chain in ghana article pdf available september 2014 with 5,111 reads how we measure reads. Box 8, cocoa research institute of ghana crig, newtafo, er, ghana.
Under ghanas laws, selected and defined forest areas, forming the permanent forest estate forest reserves frs are vested in the state and managed as production forests, protection of watersheds, shelterbelts, globally sensitive biodiversity areas on behalf of the owners outside reserves, the state also lays claims on timber trees. The countries that demand cocoa have the enterprise to manufacture and the income to. Ghana has recorded its biggest cocoa harvest in six years, according to two people familiar with the matter, after favorable weather conditions. Behind ivory coast, ghana is the second largest cocoa exporter in the world. Pdf economic analysis of cocoa production in ghana.
Ghana cocoa industryan analysis from the innovation. Chocolate couverture comes in two varieties, milk chocolate and dark chocolate. Usaid, hersheys and ecom help cocoa farmers increase production, strengthen land rights, and protect forests photo by. The kade district in the eastern region is the former cocoa cultivation showcase. Comparative analysis on financial viability of cocoa. Cocoa farming an overview 2 theobroma cacao cocoa the principle ingredient in chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown on millions of small, family run farms worldwide. Employment and labour supply on ghanas cocoa farms in the pre and post aliens compliance order era. Pdf cocoa theobroma cacao lineus has remained a valuable crop and major foreign exchange earner among other agricultural. Another problem in cocoa production in ghana is low yields per ha, which is attributed to the.
Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vo. Although cocoa has been cultivated for centuries in central america, it is a relative newcomer to africa, and even more recent in asia. Usually in 25kg blocks or 100g bars packed 250 in a carton for easy melting conclusion ghana is the worlds largest producer of cocoa. Apr 21, 2007 the cultivation of cocoa has been an important driver of tropical deforestation globally. Financial analysis of shaded cocoa in ghana springerlink. Some farms are poorly managed and more attention is given to food crops like maize 6.
In view of the sustainability of cocoa production in ghana, many activities are. The cocoa bean industry is spatially organised there are regions of the world that produce cocoa and regions of the world that demand cocoa. In ghana, several cash crops are grown including oil palm, rubber, and our own heritage crop cocoa. It was an indigenous plant in the rain forests of central and southern america, and so rare and expensive that only the royalty of inca or aztecs were permitted to eat it. By the beginning of the 1980s, ghana s production dropped significantly from an average of more than 400,000 tonnes per year to a low of 270,000 tonnes between 19881990 crig handbook, 2010 2. However, its modern constitution and mandate reflects the modern trends in the. Issn 18082882 br 338 ghanas cocoa beans are richer in theobromine and flavonoids which render the. Ghana has a large variety of native and introduced plants. Ghanas cocoa production fell significantly in the 201415 octoberseptember season, which drove the world market into deficit after several years of surpluses.
An empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana article pdf available in european scientific journal 1016. The majority of cocoa farms are located in cote divoire and ghana. His legacy is the cocoa bean that has become the backbone of the ghana economy. Planting, replanting and tree diversification in cocoa systems authors richard asare and sonii david collaborating partner sustainable tree crops program of the international institute of tropical agriculture p. Jun 22, 2015 bad seasonal weather, pests and smuggling prompted ghanas industry regulator, the cocoa board cocobod, to revise down crop estimates by 15 per cent last month may 2015. Jul 30, 2014 according to him, by 1933, about 9,500 acres had been brought under coconut cultivation along the coast from aflao to ada, with the yield of over 6,000 tonnes of copra per annum. How to grow oyster mushrooms from used coffee grounds cheap and easy part 1 duration. Robert osullivan winrock international one of the important challenges in making supply chains deforestationfree, and thus more sustainable, is. It has undergone various transformations since the cocoa industry became established. Ghanas cocoa has been described cocoa as the backbone of ghanas economy osei, 2007. In mid2001, accounts of slaverylike practices and trafficking involving children on cocoa plantations of cote divoire were reported in the media. Ghana produces biggest cocoa crop in six years bloomberg. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa, report to cadbury. The boardmanaged cocoa sector in ghana, seeks to understand the success of a sector revived through the restructuring of a parastatal, namely the ghana cocoa board cocobod, in an era of market liberalization.
In ghana, cocoa farmers face challenges such as aging trees, pests, and diseases. The soil should be deep for easy penetration of roots, well drained and capable of retaining moisture during the dry season. Efforts to reverse this trend are focusing on the reintroduction of shade trees to cocoa plantations. Pdf an empirical analysis of cocoa bean production in ghana. Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of ghana and ghanas main cash crop. Cocoa cultivation in ghana cocoa bean chocolate free. In contrast, the income of cocoa farmers re lies not only on the production of cocoa, but also other crops and alternative income sources. But traders and analysts say that the shortfall could now be closer to a third of the original 1m tons it said that it would produce in 201415, as large prepaid. The decline is partly a result of decreasing areas under cultivation. The countries that produce cocoa have the natural characteristics and usually forced labour to do so. Cocoa is the lifeblood of ghanas economy and the heartbeat of ghanas socio economic development.
To improve farmers livelihoods, cocoa life has partnered with tree global, a large scale nursery operator to produce highquality cocoa seedlings to be distributed among farmers and help rehabilitate degraded farmlands. It is poised to maintain ghana premium quality cocoa. By the beginning of the 1980s, ghanas production dropped significantly from an average of more than 400,000 tonnes per year to a low of 270,000 tonnes. Cocoa ghana s largest cash crop by phil bartle, phd. Apr 14, 2017 20170414 ceo of green coast group consult, mr. These are in line with the millennium challenge objectives that ghana signed in 2006, aimed at transforming the agricultural sector through increased mechanization, an improved rural economy, and greater food security throughout the country. The early period with particular reference to ghana. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cocoa in ghana.
The cocoa fruits are harvested by hand and gently pried open with a machete. Causes of low productivity of cocoa in ghana world agroforestry. Ghana cocoa board cocobod the ghana cocoa board established in 1947 has had a long history of overseeing the cocoa sector of ghana. Cocoa is the most important agricultural commodity ghana produces and the mainstay of ghana s economy. Insight into the standard of living of ghanaian cocoa. Kwaku boateng has disclosed that coconut farming is second to cocoa production in ghana. Ghana is the worlds third largest producer figure 1 and the second largest exporter of cocoa beans after cote divoire figure 2. Bad seasonal weather, pests and smuggling prompted ghanas industry regulator, the cocoa board cocobod, to revise down crop estimates by 15 per cent last month may 2015. During that same period, it was transplanted to fiji, madagascar, samoa, singapore, and. Views are sometimes even expressed that the inability of weather conditions in the three northern regions of the country to support cocoa production is one of the reasons why they are the poorest regions. Pdf cocoa production in ghana kwasi clarks academia.
In west africa, latin america and southeast asia, cocoa is an important cash crop, providing income to more than 4. Things may not be all bleak for small cocoa producers. They are especially found in the tropical rainforest areas. Jurgen pohlan, valentin diaz perez encyclopedia of life support systems eolss trinitario cacao was first planted in ceylon in 1834, and then again tried in 1880. Mapping sustainable production in ghanaian cocoa foreword 5 foreword by dr stephanie barrientos and professor kwadwo asensookyere ghana is renowned for the quality of its cocoa production and the crop plays a major role in the economy in terms of employment, incomes and foreign exchange earnings. According to him, by 1933, about 9,500 acres had been brought under coconut cultivation along the coast from aflao to ada, with the yield of. Traditionally, cocoa was planted under partially cleared forest with remaining trees providing shade to the cocoa trees asare 2005. In 20182019, ghana is estimated to have produced about 812 thousand tons of cocoa beans, a decrease from approximately 969 thousand tons in 20162017. There are different stories of how ghanas black gold, cocoa, was introduced to ghana. There are different stories of how ghana s black gold, cocoa, was introduced to ghana. In the midforties it was estimated that over 90% of the trees in ghana were of amelonado type, the remainder being descendants of the trinitario introductions.
Although some burned cocoa farms have been replanted with cocoa, other ones have been abandoned or the land has been used for the production ofother crops, thereby reducing the area under cultivation anon. Cocoa cultivation is a major economic activity and land use in ghana. Structural change in ghana 19602010 remi jedwab gwu and lse robert darko osei isser september 2012 this country case study has been prepared for the project \structural change in developing countries abstract development is associated with structural transformation, i. Ghanas cocoa cultivation, however, is noted within the developing world to be one of the most modeled commodities and valuables. Other significant economic indicators of ghana are 1 40. Cocoa production and real producer prices, 19962005. Helena et al, 2009 put it in simple terms that cocoa is ghana, ghana is cocoa. He lived and worked in fernando po now equatorial guinea for several years and on his return to ghana in 1879, brought with him the amelonado cocoa pods. List the steps taken by the government of ghana to increase cocoa production. Ghana cocoa board official website cocobod, accra, ghana. Assessment of incentives for mainstreaming sustainable cocoa production. Environmental impact of cocoa production wikipedia. The sad story of ghanas cocoa industry and the way forward. The book studies the drivers of success of the cocoa sector in ghana.
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